What the scriptures say about compassion

What do the scriptures say about compassion?

The texts call it karuṇā (करुणा). Feeling another's pain as one's own and acting to ease it. This is dayā in the thunder's teaching (6.32). They set it against feeling unworthy, guilt and grief.

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Krishna

अद्वेष्टा सर्वभूतानां मैत्रः करुण एव च । निर्ममो निरहङ्कारः समदुःखसुखः क्षमी ॥

adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānāṃ maitraḥ karuṇa eva ca | nirmamo nirahaṅkāraḥ samaduḥkhasukhaḥ kṣamī ||

One who hates no being, who is friendly and compassionate, free from possessiveness and ego, even in pain and pleasure, and forgiving,

Bhagavad Gita 12.13

Compassion in the texts' own words

Verses that show it in a person, or name it outright.

  • The parrot (retold by Bhishma)

    नार्हसे मां सहस्राक्ष द्रुमं त्याजयितुं चिरात् / समस्थमुपजीवन्वै विषमस्थं कथं त्यजेत्

    nārhase māṃ sahasrākṣa drumaṃ tyājayituṃ cirāt / samasthamupajīvanvai viṣamasthaṃ kathaṃ tyajet

    You should not ask me to abandon this tree after so long. I lived off it when it flourished; how can I leave it now that it is in trouble?

    Mahabharata · Anushasana Parva · Anushasana

    Shows the parrot speaking from loyalty to what once sheltered it. our reading

  • Krishna

    अद्वेष्टा सर्वभूतानां मैत्रः करुण एव च । निर्ममो निरहङ्कारः समदुःखसुखः क्षमी ॥

    adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānāṃ maitraḥ karuṇa eva ca | nirmamo nirahaṅkāraḥ samaduḥkhasukhaḥ kṣamī ||

    One who hates no being, who is friendly and compassionate, free from possessiveness and ego, even in pain and pleasure, and forgiving,

    Bhagavad Gita 12.13

  • Krishna

    आत्मौपम्येन सर्वत्र समं पश्यति योऽर्जुन । सुखं वा यदि वा दुःखं सः योगी परमो मतः ॥

    ātmaupamyena sarvatra samaṃ paśyati yo’rjuna | sukhaṃ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṃ saḥ yogī paramo mataḥ ||

    One who, by comparison with himself, sees the same everywhere, Arjuna, whether in pleasure or in pain, is considered the highest yogi.

    Bhagavad Gita 6.32

  • Ram

    बिषय अलंपट सील गुनाकर। पर दुख दुख सुख सुख देखे पर॥ सम अभूतरिपु बिमद बिरागी। लोभामरष हरष भय त्यागी ॥

    biṣay alaṃpaṭ sīl gunākar| par dukh dukh sukh sukh dekhe par|| sam abhūtaripu bimad birāgī| lobhāmaraṣ haraṣ bhay tyāgī ||

    They are not greedy for pleasures; they are mines of good conduct and virtue; others' sorrow makes them sad and others' joy makes them glad. They are even-minded, see no one as an enemy, are free of pride and detached, and have let go of greed, rage, elation and fear.

    Ramcharitmanas · Uttar Kand

How it grows, step by step

Sequences the texts state outright, in their own order.

The chariot that wins

Ramcharitmanas, Lanka Kand 80 (Gita Press)
  1. Fear
  2. Self-respect
  3. Steadiness
  4. Discernment
  5. Service
  6. Forgiveness
  7. Compassion
  8. Equanimity
  9. Surrender
  10. Letting go
  11. Contentment
  12. Peace
  • Ram

    सौरज धीरज तेहि रथ चाका। सत्य सील दृढ़ ध्वजा पताका॥ बल बिबेक दम परहित घोरे। छमा कृपा समता रजु जोरे ॥

    sauraj dhīraj tehi rath cākā| satya sīl dṛṛh dhvajā patākā|| bal bibek dam parahit ghore| chamā kṛpā samatā raju jore ||

    Valour and patience are the wheels of that chariot; truth and good conduct are its firm flag and banner. Strength, discernment, self-control and kindness to others are its horses, yoked with the reins of forgiveness, compassion and evenness of mind.

    Ramcharitmanas · Lanka Kand

What it heals

The states the texts set it against.

Practices that grow compassion

Verses that give something to do, today or in the hard moment.

  • Krishna

    आत्मौपम्येन सर्वत्र समं पश्यति योऽर्जुन । सुखं वा यदि वा दुःखं सः योगी परमो मतः ॥

    ātmaupamyena sarvatra samaṃ paśyati yo’rjuna | sukhaṃ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṃ saḥ yogī paramo mataḥ ||

    One who, by comparison with himself, sees the same everywhere, Arjuna, whether in pleasure or in pain, is considered the highest yogi.

    Bhagavad Gita 6.32

    Shows others' pain is known by one's own. our reading

  • Bhartrihari

    श्रोत्रं श्रुतेनैव न कुण्डलेन दानेन पाणिर्न तु कङ्कणेन । विभाति कायः करुणापराणां परोपकारैर्न तु चन्दनेन ॥

    śrotraṃ śrutenaiva na kuṇḍalena dānena pāṇirna tu kaṅkaṇena | vibhāti kāyaḥ karuṇāparāṇāṃ paropakārairna tu candanena ||

    The ear is beautiful through learning, not earrings; the hand through giving, not bracelets; the body of the compassionate shines through helping others, not through sandal paste.

    Bhartrihari · Niti Shatakam

    Names compassion of the compassionate. our reading

  • Bhartrihari

    तृष्णां छिन्धि भज क्षमां जहि मदं पापे रतिं मा कृथाः सत्यं ब्रूह्यनुयाहि साधुपदवीं सेवस्व विद्वज्जनम् । मान्यान् मानय विद्विषोऽप्यनुनय प्रख्यापय प्रश्रयं कीर्तिं पालय दुःखिते कुरु दयामेतत् सतां चेष्टितम् ॥

    tṛṣṇāṃ chindhi bhaja kṣamāṃ jahi madaṃ pāpe ratiṃ mā kṛthāḥ satyaṃ brūhyanuyāhi sādhupadavīṃ sevasva vidvajjanam | mānyān mānaya vidviṣo’pyanunaya prakhyāpaya praśrayaṃ kīrtiṃ pālaya duḥkhite kuru dayāmetat satāṃ ceṣṭitam ||

    Cut off craving, practise forbearance, give up arrogance, take no delight in wrong, speak the truth, follow the path of the good, serve the wise, honour those worthy of honour, win over even your enemies, show courtesy, guard your good name, be kind to those in pain: this is how the good behave.

    Bhartrihari · Niti Shatakam

    Cultivates kindness to those in pain. our reading

  • The Swan (Prajapati)

    नारुतुदः स्यान्न नृशंसवादी / न हीनतः परमभ्याददीत / ययाऽस्य वाचा पर उद्विजेत / न तां वदेदुशतिं पापलोक्याम्

    nārutudaḥ syānna nṛśaṃsavādī / na hīnataḥ paramabhyādadīta / yayā’sya vācā para udvijeta / na tāṃ vadeduśatiṃ pāpalokyām

    Do not wound others where it hurts, do not speak cruelly, do not take from those who have less. Never say words that make another person flinch; such words are scorching and lead to dark places.

    Mahabharata · Shanti Parva · Bhishma, Mokshadharma

    Shows one feeling the other's flinch before speaking. our reading

  • Brihaspati

    न तत्परस्य संदध्यात्प्रतिकूलं यदात्मनः / एष साङ्ग्राहिको धर्मः कामादन्यः प्रवर्तते

    na tatparasya saṃdadhyātpratikūlaṃ yadātmanaḥ / eṣa sāṅgrāhiko dharmaḥ kāmādanyaḥ pravartate

    Do not do to another what you would find hurtful yourself. This, in short, is dharma; anything else comes from desire.

    Mahabharata · Anushasana Parva · Anushasana

    Uses one's own pain as the measure of another's. our reading

  • Savitri

    अद्रोहः सर्वभूतेषु कर्मणा मनसा गिरा / अनुग्रहश्च दानं च सतां धर्मः सनातनः

    adrohaḥ sarvabhūteṣu karmaṇā manasā girā / anugrahaśca dānaṃ ca satāṃ dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ

    To bear no ill will toward any being in deed, thought or word, to help, and to give: this is the timeless way of the good.

    Mahabharata · Vana Parva · Vana: Savitri

    Gives Anugraha, active kindness. our reading

  • Kausalya

    देव पितर सब तुम्हहि गोसाईं। राखहुँ पलक नयन की नाईं॥ अवधि अंबु प्रिय परिजन मीना। तुम्ह करुनाकर धरम धुरीना ॥

    dev pitar sab tumhahi gosāīṃ| rākhahuṁ palak nayan kī nāīṃ|| avadhi aṃbu priy parijan mīnā| tumha karunākar dharam dhurīnā ||

    May all the gods and ancestors guard you, my lord, the way eyelids guard the eyes. The term of your exile is the water, and your loved ones are the fish in it; you are kind and steadfast in what is right.

    Ramcharitmanas, Ayodhya Kand 56 (chaupai 1)

    Shows love turned into blessing when it cannot protect. our reading

  • Ram

    जे न मित्र दुख होहिं दुखारी। तिन्हहि बिलोकत पातक भारी॥ निज दुख गिरि सम रज करि जाना। मित्रक दुख रज मेरु समाना ॥

    je na mitra dukh hohiṃ dukhārī| tinhahi bilokat pātak bhārī|| nij dukh giri sam raj kari jānā| mitrak dukh raj meru samānā ||

    Those who are not pained by a friend's pain commit a grave wrong just by being seen. A true friend treats his own mountain of sorrow as a speck of dust, and his friend's speck of sorrow as a mountain.

    Ramcharitmanas · Kishkindha Kand

    Shows being pained by a friend's pain. our reading

People who lived it

Someone in the scriptures came to this, and the story shows how.

  • From the Mahabharata

    The golden mongoose and the handful of flour

    At the end of Yudhishthira's lavish horse sacrifice, a half-golden mongoose declares it worth less than a poor family's gift. In a famine, a gleaner, his wife, son and daughter-in-law each gave their last handful of flour to a hungry guest; rolling in the spilt flour turned half the mongoose to gold.

    A small gift, honestly earned and given from little, outweighs the grandest show.

  • From the Ramayana

    Bharat comes home to grief

    Bharat returns from his uncle's home to a silent city. His mother tells him proudly what she arranged; he learns his father is dead and his brother exiled because of him. Overwhelmed with shame he goes to Kausalya, expecting blame, and she embraces him as if Ram had come back, telling him not to carry the loss as his shame.

    When someone is drowning in guilt for what others did, an embrace helps more than blame.

  • From the Ramayana

    Ram hears he is to be exiled

    Ram is called to his father's room and finds him collapsed. Kaikeyi tells him the terms. Ram smiles: his brother gets the throne, he gets to meet sages in the forest, and he can keep his father's word. Kaikeyi reads his plain words as cunning, and Ram walks out feeling, the poet says, like an elephant freed from its post.

    A lost role can be met with grace; sometimes it even feels like freedom.

  • From the Upanishads

    Da Da Da: the voice of thunder

    Gods, humans and demons finish their studies with their father Prajapati and ask for a parting word. To each he says only 'Da'. The gods hear 'be self-controlled', humans hear 'give', and demons hear 'be compassionate'. The thunder still repeats it.

    Each of us hears the lesson we most need: restraint, generosity or compassion.

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Questions people ask

What is the Sanskrit word for compassion?
Karuṇā (करुणा). Compassion.
Which Bhagavad Gita verse speaks about compassion?
Bhagavad Gita 12.13: One who hates no being, who is friendly and compassionate, free from possessiveness and ego, even in pain and pleasure, and forgiving,

Verses, translations and stories come from the Wisdom library, read with the traditional commentaries. A line marked stated in the text is a link the verse or a named commentator makes; our reading is Wisdom's own reading of the verse.